A mention says your brand appeared. A recommendation says the answer suggested it as a choice. A citation says a page was used as a source. None of these automatically implies the other two.

Read three simple examples

Illustrative answerWhat it tells you
“Providers in this category include Brand A and Brand B.”The brands are mentioned; there may be no recommendation
“For your requirements, I recommend Brand A.”Brand A receives an explicit recommendation
“The registration rules are explained on this page.”A linked page may be a citation without a company endorsement

These are fictional examples explaining the distinction, not results collected by Propps.

Position is not the same as mention order

The first name in a paragraph is not automatically ranked first. An explicit numbered recommendation can support a rank, but a casual list of examples may not. Do not invent a winner when the answer has not chosen one.

Sentiment is separate again. A model can recommend a provider while mentioning a drawback. Check the evidence excerpt to understand whether a positive, neutral, negative or mixed label is appropriate.

Use the right counts

If two of five analysed answers mention your brand, the mention rate is 40%. If a sixth call failed, that failure should not turn the rate into two out of six. Analysis-dependent metrics also exclude answers whose analysis is missing.

Citation metrics rely on source information exposed by the provider. A search result that was retrieved but not cited is not an answer citation. A source link can point to your domain, a competitor or an independent publication.

What should a marketer do next?

Open an answer behind an unexpected score. Check the wording, source links and usable sample size. A human correction is more useful than accepting an incorrect label just because the dashboard shows a percentage.

Read the full measurement method and inspect competitive visibility.